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R Operators

Operators compare values and combine logical values. Each comparison gives TRUE or FALSE.

Compare two numbers

This program compares 10 and 4 in four ways. Each print shows TRUE or FALSE.

a <- 10
b <- 4
print(a == b)
print(a != b)
print(a > b)
print(a < b)

Include equal values

The first test checks whether 7 is at least 7. The second test checks whether 7 is at most 6.

a <- 7
print(a >= 7)
print(a <= 6)

Flip and combine logic

The first print flips TRUE to its opposite. The next two prints combine pairs of logical values.

print(!TRUE)
print(TRUE & FALSE)
print(TRUE | FALSE)

Single decision operators

This program combines two logical values in each print. The symbols make one decision from each pair.

print(TRUE && TRUE)
print(FALSE || FALSE)

A trapped comparison

This print compares the number 1 with the text a. The comparison gives TRUE.

print(1 < "a")

Example

score <- 85
print(score >= 80 & score < 90)

Key points

  • The symbol == tests whether two values are equal.
  • The symbol != tests whether two values differ.
  • The symbols < and > test which value is smaller or larger.
  • The symbols <= and >= also count equal values as a pass.
  • The symbol ! flips a logical value to its opposite.
  • The symbols & and | combine two logical values.
  • The symbols && and || also combine two logical values for one single decision.

In this example, both tests pass for a score of 85. The & symbol joins them into one TRUE result.

Note

Comparing a number with text turns the number into text, so 1 < "a" gives TRUE.

Try it Yourself

Edit the code, then press Run.

Running is simulated · rdrr.io R Snippets

Exercise

What does print(5 == 5) show?